What is the difference between a fund and an exchange-traded fund? (2024)

What is the difference between a fund and an exchange-traded fund?

With a mutual fund, you buy and sell based on dollars, not market price or shares. And you can specify any dollar amount you want—down to the penny or as a nice round figure, like $3,000. With an ETF, you buy and sell based on market price—and you can only trade full shares.

How are ETFs and mutual funds different? How are they managed? While they can be actively or passively managed by fund managers, most ETFs are passive investments pegged to the performance of a particular index. Mutual funds come in both active and indexed varieties, but most are actively managed.

The main difference between ETF and Mutual Fund is that while ETFs can be actively bought and sold on the exchanges, just like any other shares, one can only purchase a unit of a Mutual Fund from a fund house even though these can be listed on the exchanges.

SPY was launched in January 1993 and was the very first ETF listed in the U.S.10. Index investing pioneer Vanguard's S&P 500 Index Fund was the first index mutual fund for individual investors.

Unlike ETFs, mutual funds can offer more specific strategies as well as blends of strategies. Mutual funds offer the same type of indexed investing options as ETFs but also an array of actively and passively managed options that can be fine-tuned to cater to an investor's needs.

ETFs and index mutual funds tend to be generally more tax efficient than actively managed funds. And, in general, ETFs tend to be more tax efficient than index mutual funds. You want niche exposure. Specific ETFs focused on particular industries or commodities can give you exposure to market niches.

ETFs or "exchange-traded funds" are exactly as the name implies: funds that trade on exchanges, generally tracking a specific index. When you invest in an ETF, you get a bundle of assets you can buy and sell during market hours—potentially lowering your risk and exposure, while helping to diversify your portfolio.

In terms of safety, neither the mutual fund nor the ETF is safer than the other due to its structure. Safety is determined by what the fund itself owns. Stocks are usually riskier than bonds, and corporate bonds come with somewhat more risk than U.S. government bonds.

Some of the common ETF types include: Index ETFs: These are meant to follow specific U.S. indexes. One of the most popular is the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY), which tracks the S&P 500 index. Foreign market/country ETFs: Overseas market exposure is easy with these ETFs.

Differences. The way the two are priced differs: ETFs are priced via the stock market, while mutual funds are valued based on their net asset value (NAV) at the end of each day. ETFs are purchased on the open market, while mutual fund shares are purchased from the fund itself.

What is the downside of ETFs?

Higher Management Fees

Not all ETFs are passive. Some ETFs are actively managed, meaning they're managed by a fund manager whose goal is to outperform the market. Actively managed funds often have higher fees since they require management to guide the fund.

Mutual funds are priced once a day at the net asset value and they're traded after market hours. ETFs are traded throughout the day on stock exchanges just as individual stocks are. ETFs often have lower expense ratios and are generally more tax-efficient due to their more passive nature.

The administrative costs of managing ETFs are commonly lower than those for mutual funds. ETFs keep their administrative and operational expenses down through market-based trading. Because ETFs are bought and sold on the open market, the sale of shares from one investor to another does not affect the fund.

With a mutual fund, you buy and sell based on dollars, not market price or shares. And you can specify any dollar amount you want—down to the penny or as a nice round figure, like $3,000. With an ETF, you buy and sell based on market price—and you can only trade full shares.

One of the ways that investors make money from exchange traded funds (ETFs) is through dividends that are paid to the ETF issuer and then paid on to their investors in proportion to the number of shares each holds.

Should you invest in ETFs? Since ETFs offer built-in diversification and don't require large amounts of capital in order to invest in a range of stocks, they are a good way to get started. You can trade them like stocks while also enjoying a diversified portfolio.

For most ETFs, selling after less than a year is taxed as a short-term capital gain. ETFs held for longer than a year are taxed as long-term gains. If you sell an ETF, and buy the same (or a substantially similar) ETF after less than 30 days, you may be subject to the wash sale rule.

One isn't safer than the other. It all depends on what the fund owns. For example, an ETF invested in emerging markets would normally be considered riskier than one investing in developed markets, like the US. Or an index fund holding stocks might be considered riskier than one holding bonds.

An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is something of a cross between an index mutual fund and a stock. It's like a mutual fund but has some key differences you'll want to be sure you understand. Here, you discover how to get some ETFs into your portfolio, how to choose smart ETFs, and how ETFs differ from mutual funds.

What is a key benefit of an exchange-traded fund?

ETFs offer easy access to a diversified portfolio of assets. They're traded on stock exchanges throughout the trading day, providing investors with the flexibility to buy or sell shares at market prices.

Holding period:

If you hold ETF shares for one year or less, then gain is short-term capital gain. If you hold ETF shares for more than one year, then gain is long-term capital gain.

ETFs may close due to lack of investor interest or poor returns. For investors, the easiest way to exit an ETF investment is to sell it on the open market. Liquidation of ETFs is strictly regulated; when an ETF closes, any remaining shareholders will receive a payout based on what they had invested in the ETF.

Leveraged ETF prices tend to decay over time, and triple leverage will tend to decay at a faster rate than 2x leverage. As a result, they can tend toward zero.

ETFs allow investors to circumvent a tax rule found among mutual fund transactions related to capital gains. ETFs are structured in a way that avoids taxable events for ETF shareholders.